Mergers & Acquisitions
Price gets the headline. Terms win the deal.
Every deal begins with a choice of structure. In an asset purchase, the buyer selects the specific assets it wants to acquire and assumes only the liabilities both sides agree to, while the seller keeps the legal entity and everything else that's not included in the sale. In an equity purchase, the buyer acquires the ownership interests in the entity itself (stock in a corporation, membership interests in an LLC) and steps into the seller's shoes, taking on all assets and all liabilities, known and unknown. That choice carries different risks for each side of the transaction, as well as tax consequences your accountant needs to model before the structure is locked in.
Hank helps you settle on a structure, then captures the terms in a letter of intent that fixes price, payment terms, exclusivity, and the scope of diligence before either side invests significant time and money in the transaction. The LOI is generally nonbinding except for the exclusivity and confidentiality provisions, which lock the seller out of competing negotiations for a defined period, typically 30 to 90 days. From there he runs or answers due diligence across contracts, intellectual property, employment, real estate, debt, regulatory compliance, and pending claims, so a buyer learns what it's acquiring and a seller knows what it needs to disclose.
In the definitive agreement, Hank negotiates the representations and warranties that allocate risk between the parties, the indemnification terms that decide who pays when a representation turns out to be wrong, and the holdbacks, escrows, and earnouts that bridge a difference in price or a shortfall in trust. He drafts the disclosure schedules that qualify the seller's representations, the noncompete and transition terms that keep a seller from competing after closing, and the closing mechanics that transfer money and ownership at the same moment.
Hank has handled deals for buyers acquiring a competitor, founders selling the company they built, and partners restructuring "who" owns "what," so you get counsel designed to protect the dollars at stake and the relationships that outlast the closing. On every engagement Hank works toward the same result, a deal you can close with confidence and live with long after the money changes hands.
Services Include
- Asset and equity purchase structuring
- Letters of intent and term sheets
- Buy-side and sell-side due diligence
- Purchase agreements and disclosure schedules
- Representations, warranties, and indemnification
- Escrows, holdbacks, and earnouts
- Noncompete and transition agreements
- Closing and post-closing matters
Mergers & Acquisitions Insights
Asset Purchase Versus Equity Purchase: How the Structure Decision Affects Risk, Taxes, and Successor Liability
Before a single provision of the purchase agreement is negotiated, the buyer and seller must answer a threshold question that affects every aspect of the transaction. Is the buyer acquiring the company's assets, or is the buyer acquiring the ownership interests (stock, membership interests, or partnership interests) of the entity that owns them?
Read articleLetters of Intent in M&A: What's Binding, What's Not, and Why the LOI Frames Every Negotiation That Follows
A letter of intent in an M&A transaction is a three-to-eight-page document that outlines the proposed terms of a business acquisition before either party commits to a binding purchase agreement. Most of it isn't enforceable. And yet it's one of the most consequential documents in the deal, because the terms the parties agree to in the LOI become the baseline for every negotiation that follows.
Read articleDue Diligence for Buyers: What to Investigate Before You Sign the Purchase Agreement
Due diligence is the investigation period between signing the letter of intent and committing to the purchase agreement. It's the buyer's opportunity to verify everything the seller has represented about the business, discover what the seller hasn't disclosed, and price the deal based on verified facts rather than projections and promises.
Read articlePurchase Price Mechanics: Working Capital Adjustments, Net Debt, and How the Final Number Gets Calculated
When a buyer and seller agree to a $5 million purchase price in the letter of intent, most sellers assume they'll receive $5 million at closing. They rarely do. In almost every private company acquisition, the price stated in the LOI is the enterprise value, not the equity value.
Read articleDisclosure Schedules: How Sellers Qualify Their Representations and What Buyers Should Scrutinize
A purchase agreement contains representations and warranties in which the seller states that certain things about the business are true. "There is no pending litigation." "All material contracts are in full force and effect." "The company has filed all required tax returns." But few businesses can make those statements without exceptions.
Read articleEarnouts: When Buyer and Seller Disagree on Value and Agree to Let the Business Decide
A seller who built a business over 20 years believes it's worth $8 million based on projected growth. A buyer looking at the same financials, discounting the projections for risk, believes it's worth $6 million. Both numbers can be right, because the two sides are pricing different futures.
Read articleEscrows and Holdbacks: How Post-Closing Indemnification Gets Funded
An indemnification clause in a purchase agreement is a promise by the seller to compensate the buyer for losses arising from breaches of representations, warranties, and covenants. But a promise is only as valuable as the promisor's ability to pay.
Read articleNoncompete and Transition Agreements After a Business Sale: What Sellers Agree to and Why Courts Enforce Them
When a buyer acquires a business, a significant portion of what it's paying for is goodwill, the company's relationships with customers, suppliers, employees, and the community. If the seller can immediately open a competing business across the street and call every customer, the goodwill the buyer purchased disappears.
Read articleClosing and Post-Closing: How the Transaction Gets Executed and What Happens After Funds Transfer
Closing is the moment when ownership changes hands. Money transfers from the buyer to the seller, documents are executed and delivered, and the business becomes the buyer's. Closing is a coordinated exchange of documents, funds, and filings that requires every pre-closing condition to be satisfied, every deliverable to be prepared and signed, and every wire transfer to be initiated and confirmed before the transaction is complete.
Read articleRelated Work
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